This is an extracted chapter of a wider UNESCO-commissioned global study on online violence against women journalists produced by the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ). The full-length study will published in 2022.

The chapter identifies the role of big tech companies and especially social media platforms, as vectors and facilitators of gender-based online violence targeting women journalists. Moreover, it assesses the responses of these companies to the problem, making 23 recommendations for more effective countermeasures.

Authors: Julie Posetti, Kalina Bontcheva & Nabeelah Shabbir